Enraged because of this mesalliance, Prince Elector Charles Theodore banished André to Rieden on Lake Staffel, where the duchess owned an estate. In 1780, Duchess Maria Anna, meanwhile widowed, clandestinely married her rent master, Andreas André, who had long been her secret courier. Since this day, Maria Anna, whose role in this affair soon became publicly known, is known as ‘patrona Bavariae’. As a result of their encounter, the contract of succession of 15 January 1778 was declared void under official protests against Austria’s claims. On 6 February 1778, Charles August of Zweibrücken met Count Görtz, the Prussian envoy, at the duchess’s Munich residence, the so-called Maxburg. Maria Anna herself secretly contacted King Frederick II of Prussia, whom she asked to halt Emperor Joseph II. In order to preserve Bavaria’s independence, several patriots rallied behind Duchess Maria Anna and tried to convince Duke Charles August of Zweibrücken, the presumptive heir to the throne, to not cede Bavaria to Austria. These claims had in fact been recognised in a treaty with Austria (1778) by Maria Anna’s brother-inlaw Charles Theodore, the new Prince Elector, who was also childless. When the prince elector died in 1777 and the Bavarian main line of the House of Wittelsbach thus became extinct, Maria Anna stood up as fierce opponent of the Habsburgs, who raised claims to the succession in Lower Bavaria. In 1742 the princess married Prince Clement Francis de Paula of Bavaria (1722–1770), heir presumptive to the childless Prince Elector Maximilian III. Her mother Elizabeth (1693–1728) was the daughter of Charles Philip, Elector of the Palatinate. She was born in 1722, daughter to Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach (1694–1729), the hereditary prince who died prematurely. The sitter of the present painting, Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria, is one of the most illustrious personalities from the House of Wittelsbach. If you buy from the links, I get a little commission that helps me get more books to feature.Īmazon.Traditionally said to be a present from Prince Louis Napoleon (the future Emperor Napoleon III) to the physician Johann Marmor (1804– 1879), a friend during his exile on Lake Constance Private collection, Austria Overall, it's a good book for beginner sketchers. There are lots of visual examples, step by step tutorials, and the writing is clear and brief. Later chapters cover more specific subjects such as simplifying your sketch, bringing out the emotion, using edges, getting the accuracy, practicing tones and contrast. So basically after these early lessons, you can get a good idea what's required to make a good sketch. Drawing from observation mostly comes down to observing proportions of the subject. The book starts with lessons on proportions. Much of the examples are subjects from urban settings, buildings, etc. It's also for those who want to draw from observation because it covers a lot on that as well. It's a book meant for beginners for it teaches the fundamentals of drawings. to Trafalgar Square is an art instructional book on drawing written by Richard Scott, artist and architect.